WIP: toybox: OCapN vats on workerd, with ingress and egress as capabilities #4

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state/
admin.sock
switchboard-*.sock
dist/
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# toybox
Vats whose code is installed at runtime: each vat is a Durable Object whose app runs as a [facet](https://developers.cloudflare.com/dynamic-workers/usage/durable-object-facets/) on code loaded through workerd's Worker Loader. Think `vatAdmin.createVat(bundle)`, with a supervisor per vat. Vats have no names: creating one returns its id, which addresses it only on the admin socket. Everything else a vat can do or be reached by is granted explicitly: egress by labels it may fetch within, ingress by labels it is mounted at.
- [supervisor.js](supervisor.js): `Vat` stores code by SHA-256 and runs the app on it; `Directory` holds the mounts; `Public` (the ingress) and `Admin` are the two entrypoints; `Egress` is an egress grant.
- [switchboard.js](switchboard.js): a separate workerd process, the vats' only way out, after [Flower](https://github.com/NuxiNL/flower)'s switchboard: each of its sockets serves a Cap'n Web `Handle` with fixed labels, and `constrain(labels)` returns a narrower one.
- [labels.js](labels.js): Flower's label rule, shared by both: labels only accumulate, a missing key matches anything, and a key both sides set must agree. Ingress lookup is stricter (below).
- [config.capnp](config.capnp): the sockets have no addresses; whoever starts workerd hands them in, so holding a socket is the authority it grants.
| socket | reaches | what its holder can do |
|---|---|---|
| `http` | `Public` | reach the vat mounted at labels the request carries |
| `admin` | `Admin` | `POST /` with an ES module body: create a vat and start it; the reply is `{"vat": <id>, "hash": <code hash>}`. `PUT /<id>` with a body: upgrade it; its storage carries over. `PUT /by-name/<name>`: the same, for a vat from before ids. |
Every start states the vat's grants, as JSON labels in query parameters; absent means none:
- `?egress=<labels>`: what the app may fetch (below).
- `?mount=<labels>`: where the ingress finds it. A mount must conflict with every other one (some shared key, different values), so no request can carry two mounts' labels; an overlapping mount is a 409.
## Ingress
A request's labels are its query parameters; a key given twice is a 400. Routing carries no secrets: a URL ends up in logs and `Referer`s. A secret travels in-band, as on a webkey page: the page keeps it in its fragment, reaches the vat by public labels, and sends it in the body of a call, which the vat checks like a swissnum.
The request reaches the vat whose mount labels it carries, every one with the same value. That is stricter than Flower's match (no conflicting key): an ingress client holds no constrained handle that supplies labels for it, so it reaches a vat only by naming every label of its mount. The path is the app's own. The app sees the mount's and the request's labels together in `Toybox-Connection-Labels` (JSON), as a Flower server gets its connection labels. Responses carry `Referrer-Policy: no-referrer`.
## Egress
An app must export `class App extends DurableObject` (see [apps/](apps/)). Its global `fetch` always throws: nothing in a vat is ambient. A grant arrives as `env.egress`, an `Egress` with the labels in `ctx.props`. Its `fetch`, WebSocket upgrades included, goes through a switchboard handle constrained to those labels; the switchboard refuses the rest, which comes back as a 403. `env.egress.constrain(labels)` returns a narrower `Egress`. It is an object, so the app can pass it to whichever of its parts should have it.
| label | constrains |
|---|---|
| `scheme` | `http` or `https` |
| `host` | host name or address, no port |
| `port` | explicit, or the scheme's default |
| `network` | set by the switchboard socket: `public` or `local` |
The switchboard has two sockets, so two root handles: `public` (no loopback or private addresses) and `local`. toybox holds one, as an external service (`-e switchboard=unix:…`): `pnpm start` and the systemd units give it `public`; the tests give theirs `local` to reach an echo server.
## Run it
```sh
pnpm install
pnpm test # real workerds: createVat, upgrade, mounts, egress grants and constrain, fetch and WebSocket out, crash and restart
pnpm switchboard # systemd-socket-activate on ./switchboard-public.sock and ./switchboard-local.sock
pnpm start # likewise on 127.0.0.1:8787 and ./admin.sock; state in ./state
```
Then, in a third terminal:
```sh
admin() { curl -sg --unix-socket admin.sock "$@"; }
alice=$(admin -X POST --data-binary @apps/counter-v1.js 'http://toybox/?mount={"vat":"alice"}' | jq -r .vat)
curl 'localhost:8787/?vat=alice' # v1 count 1
admin -X PUT --data-binary @apps/counter-v2.js "http://toybox/$alice?mount={\"vat\":\"alice\"}"
curl 'localhost:8787/?vat=alice' # v2 count 2
admin -X POST --data-binary @apps/egress-probe.js 'http://toybox/?mount={"vat":"erin"}&egress={"host":"example.com"}'
curl 'localhost:8787/?vat=erin&url=https://example.com/' # got: <!doctype html>…
curl 'localhost:8787/?vat=erin&url=https://example.org/' # got: egress refused: egress to example.org not granted
```
## Under systemd
[systemd/](systemd/) has socket and service pairs for toybox and its switchboard, assuming this directory is installed at `/opt/toybox`. toybox gets no network of its own (`PrivateNetwork=yes`): only the two sockets it is handed and the switchboard's `public` socket, which only members of the `toybox` group can open. The switchboard binds its `local` socket in its own 0700 runtime directory, so no other unit holds that handle.
Neither unit has been run under the system manager yet.
`PrivateNetwork=` needs the system manager; as a `systemd-run --user` unit, systemd logs "lack privileges for network namespace, proceeding without".
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import { DurableObject } from "cloudflare:workers";
export class App extends DurableObject {
fetch() {
const n = (this.ctx.storage.kv.get("n") ?? 0) + 1;
this.ctx.storage.kv.put("n", n);
return new Response(`v1 count ${n}\n`);
}
}
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import { DurableObject } from "cloudflare:workers";
export class App extends DurableObject {
fetch() {
const n = (this.ctx.storage.kv.get("n") ?? 0) + 1;
this.ctx.storage.kv.put("n", n);
return new Response(`v2 count ${n}\n`);
}
}
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import { DurableObject } from "cloudflare:workers";
/** `?url=<target>` fetches it through `env.egress` (narrowed by `&constrain=<labels as JSON>`, if given); with `&ws=1`, opens a WebSocket there and reports the echo of "hello". */
export class App extends DurableObject {
async fetch(request) {
const params = new URL(request.url).searchParams;
const target = params.get("url");
if (!this.env.egress) return new Response("no egress granted\n");
try {
const egress = params.has("constrain")
? await this.env.egress.constrain(JSON.parse(params.get("constrain")))
: this.env.egress;
if (!params.has("ws")) return new Response(`got: ${await (await egress.fetch(target)).text()}\n`);
const resp = await egress.fetch(target, { headers: { Upgrade: "websocket" } });
const ws = resp.webSocket;
if (!ws) return new Response(`no websocket: ${resp.status} ${await resp.text()}`);
ws.accept();
const reply = new Promise((resolve) => ws.addEventListener("message", (e) => resolve(e.data)));
ws.send("hello");
const got = await reply;
ws.close();
return new Response(`echo: ${got}\n`);
} catch (e) {
return new Response(`refused: ${e.message}\n`);
}
}
}
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import { DurableObject } from "cloudflare:workers";
/** Reports its path and its connection labels. */
export class App extends DurableObject {
fetch(request) {
const { pathname } = new URL(request.url);
return new Response(`${pathname} ${request.headers.get("Toybox-Connection-Labels")}\n`);
}
}
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import { DurableObject } from "cloudflare:workers";
export class App extends DurableObject {
async fetch() {
try { await fetch("https://example.com/"); return new Response("fetch ALLOWED\n"); }
catch (e) { return new Response(`fetch refused: ${e.message}\n`); }
}
}
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/** @file Bundle the supervisor and the OCapN vat runtime for workerd (see config.capnp). */
import { build } from "esbuild";
const common = {
bundle: true,
format: "esm",
platform: "neutral",
mainFields: ["module", "main"],
conditions: ["workerd", "import"],
external: ["cloudflare:workers", "node:*"],
logLevel: "warning",
};
await build({ ...common, entryPoints: ["supervisor.js"], outfile: "dist/supervisor.js", external: [...common.external, "vat-runtime.txt"] });
// loaded as text, beside the vat's own module (vat.js)
await build({ ...common, entryPoints: ["vat-runtime.js"], outfile: "dist/vat-runtime.js", external: [...common.external, "./vat.js"] });
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/**
* @file An OCapN client for the admin socket, from Node: it registers its
* own gateway with the router there and reaches every other peer through
* it. Run under SES (see test/lockdown.js).
*/
import { makeClient, swissnumFromBytes } from "@endo/ocapn";
import { newWebSocketRpcSession } from "capnweb";
import WebSocket from "ws";
import { locationOf, makeRpcNetLayer } from "./netlayer.js";
/**
* An OCapN client on the admin socket: registers its own gateway with the
* router there, and reaches every other peer through it.
*
* @param {string} adminSock
* @param {string} designator
* @param {{ verbose?: boolean }} [opts] OCapN logging
*/
export const connectClient = async (adminSock, designator, { verbose = false } = {}) => {
const ws = new WebSocket(`ws+unix:${adminSock}:/`);
await new Promise((resolve, reject) => (ws.once("open", resolve), ws.once("error", reject)));
const session = newWebSocketRpcSession(ws);
const ocapn = makeClient({ debugLabel: designator, verbose });
const netlayer = await ocapn.registerNetlayer(
makeRpcNetLayer({ designator, openGateway: (d) => session.gateway(d) }),
);
await session.register(designator, netlayer.gateway);
const vatAdmin = await ocapn.enlivenSturdyRef(
ocapn.makeSturdyRef(locationOf("vatAdmin"), swissnumFromBytes(new TextEncoder().encode("vatAdmin"))),
);
return { vatAdmin, close: () => (ocapn.shutdown(), ws.close()) };
};
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# toybox: vats whose code is installed at runtime, each a Durable Object facet.
#
# Sockets have no address here: whoever starts workerd hands them in
# (-S name=fd from systemd, or -s name=addr), so holding a socket is the
# authority it grants. `state` is likewise overridden with -d state=<dir>,
# and the switchboard's address with -e switchboard=<addr>.
using Workerd = import "/workerd/workerd.capnp";
const config :Workerd.Config = (
services = [
(name = "main", worker = .supervisor),
(name = "nowhere", network = (allow = [])),
# the way out: one switchboard socket, i.e. one handle (see switchboard.capnp)
(name = "switchboard", external = (address = "unix:switchboard.sock", http = ())),
(name = "state", disk = (path = "state", writable = true)),
],
sockets = [
# the ingress: reach the vat mounted at a request's labels
(name = "http", http = (), service = (name = "main", entrypoint = "Public")),
# create vats, install code, grant egress and ingress
(name = "admin", http = (), service = (name = "main", entrypoint = "Admin")),
],
);
const supervisor :Workerd.Worker = (
compatibilityDate = "2026-10-01",
# bundled by build.js
modules = [
(name = "supervisor.js", esModule = embed "dist/supervisor.js"),
(name = "vat-runtime.txt", text = embed "dist/vat-runtime.js"),
],
durableObjectNamespaces = [
(className = "Vat", uniqueKey = "toybox-vat", enableSql = true),
(className = "Directory", uniqueKey = "toybox-directory", enableSql = true),
(className = "VatAdmin", uniqueKey = "toybox-vat-admin", enableSql = true),
],
durableObjectStorage = (localDisk = "state"),
bindings = [
(name = "VATS", durableObjectNamespace = "Vat"),
(name = "DIRECTORY", durableObjectNamespace = "Directory"),
(name = "VAT_ADMIN", durableObjectNamespace = "VatAdmin"),
(name = "LOADER", workerLoader = ()),
(name = "SWITCHBOARD", service = "switchboard"),
],
globalOutbound = "nowhere",
);
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/**
* @file Egress labels, after [Flower](https://github.com/NuxiNL/flower)'s
* switchboard: string key-value pairs that only accumulate. A missing key
* matches anything; a key present on both sides must agree.
*
* Keys that constrain a URL: `scheme` (`http`, `https`), `host` (name or
* address, no port), `port` (explicit or the scheme's default). The
* switchboard sets `network` per socket; it constrains no URL.
*/
const DEFAULT_PORT = { http: "80", https: "443" };
/**
* Union of two label sets; throws on a key they give different values,
* naming the key but not the values (they may end up in logs).
*
* @param {Record<string, string>} held
* @param {Record<string, string>} more
*/
export const mergeLabels = (held, more) => {
const merged = { ...held };
for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(more)) {
if (typeof v !== "string") throw new TypeError(`label ${k} is not a string`);
if (k in merged && merged[k] !== v) throw new Error(`label ${k} is already set to a different value`);
merged[k] = v;
}
return Object.freeze(merged);
};
/**
* The labels a URL carries.
*
* @param {string} url
*/
export const urlLabels = (url) => {
const u = new URL(url);
const scheme = u.protocol.replace(/:$/, "");
return { scheme, host: u.hostname, port: u.port || DEFAULT_PORT[scheme] || "" };
};
/**
* Throws unless `url` is within `labels`.
*
* @param {Record<string, string>} labels
* @param {string} url
*/
export const checkUrl = (labels, url) => {
const actual = urlLabels(url);
for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(actual)) {
if (k in labels && labels[k] !== v) throw new Error(`egress to ${actual.host} not granted`);
}
};
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/**
* @file The ingress's mounts, in SQL: which vat serves which label set.
*
* Labels sit one per row, so a lookup can use an index; `mount.labels`
* keeps the whole set as JSON. Request and mount labels arrive as JSON
* objects, split into rows by `json_each`.
*/
export const MOUNT_SCHEMA = [
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mount (vat TEXT PRIMARY KEY, labels TEXT)",
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mount_label (vat TEXT, key TEXT, value TEXT, PRIMARY KEY (vat, key))",
"CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS mount_label_kv ON mount_label (key, value)",
// mounts made before mount_label existed
`INSERT OR IGNORE INTO mount_label
SELECT m.vat, j.key, j.value FROM mount m, json_each(m.labels) j
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM mount_label l WHERE l.vat = m.vat)`,
];
/**
* Another mount (than ?2's) whose labels conflict with none of ?1's.
* Flower's registration rule: every mount must conflict with every other.
*/
export const OVERLAP = `
SELECT 1 FROM mount m WHERE m.vat != ?2 AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM mount_label l JOIN json_each(?1) r ON r.key = l.key
WHERE l.vat = m.vat AND l.value != r.value)
LIMIT 1`;
export const MOUNT = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO mount VALUES (?1, ?2)";
export const MOUNT_LABELS = "INSERT INTO mount_label SELECT ?1, key, value FROM json_each(?2)";
export const UNMOUNT = "DELETE FROM mount WHERE vat = ?1";
export const UNMOUNT_LABELS = "DELETE FROM mount_label WHERE vat = ?1";
/**
* The mount whose every label ?1 (the request's labels) carries, with the
* same value: the labels that match, counted per vat, against how many
* the vat has. A mount with no labels matches any request.
*
* Stricter than Flower's match (no conflict): an ingress client holds no
* constrained handle that supplies labels for it, so a request reaches a
* vat only by naming every label of its mount.
*/
export const LOOKUP = `
SELECT m.vat, m.labels FROM mount m JOIN (
SELECT l.vat, count(*) AS hits
FROM json_each(?1) r JOIN mount_label l ON l.key = r.key AND l.value = r.value
GROUP BY l.vat
) h ON h.vat = m.vat
WHERE h.hits = (SELECT count(*) FROM mount_label WHERE vat = m.vat)
UNION ALL
SELECT m.vat, m.labels FROM mount m
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM mount_label l WHERE l.vat = m.vat)
LIMIT 1`;
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/**
* @file An OCapN netlayer whose transport is an RPC session: Cap'n Web, or
* Workers RPC, or one proxied through the other.
*
* Each OCapN connection is a pair of {@link ByteInbox}es, one per
* direction, exchanged through a gateway; each `deliver` call carries
* exactly one OCapN message, so no framing is needed. The RPC session
* provides ordering and only-the-peer-can-inject; OCapN does the rest.
*
* After vattr97's ertp-clerk (`ocapn-capnweb-netlayer.ts`), with the stub
* methods only Cap'n Web has (`onRpcBroken`) made optional.
*
* @see https://github.com/ocapn/ocapn/blob/main/draft-specifications/Netlayers.md
*/
import { RpcTarget } from "capnweb";
export const TRANSPORT = "capnweb";
/**
* A peer's location, by designator alone: a router finds the peer.
*
* @param {string} designator
*/
export const locationOf = (designator) => ({ type: "ocapn-peer", transport: TRANSPORT, designator, hints: false });
/** Same as `locationToLocationId` in `@endo/ocapn`, which its exports map doesn't expose. */
const locationId = ({ designator, transport }) => `ocapn://${designator}.${transport}`;
/** Receives one direction of an OCapN connection, one message per call. */
export class ByteInbox extends RpcTarget {
#onMessage;
constructor(onMessage) {
super();
this.#onMessage = onMessage;
}
/** @param {Uint8Array} bytes */
deliver(bytes) {
// OCapN's syrup reader needs offset 0; a pooled Buffer view may not have it.
this.#onMessage(bytes.byteOffset === 0 ? bytes : new Uint8Array(bytes));
}
}
const dispose = (stub) => stub?.[Symbol.dispose]?.();
/** Write to a remote inbox, discarding each result at once so the session retains none. */
const makeSocket = (inbox, close) => ({
write: (bytes) => dispose(inbox.deliver(bytes)),
end: close,
});
/**
* A remote inbox reached through a gateway that is only a promise (a
* local async call, not a pipelining stub): writes queue in order behind it.
*/
const deferredInbox = (gatewayP, myInbox) => {
const inboxP = Promise.resolve(gatewayP).then((gateway) => gateway.connect(myInbox));
return {
deliver: (bytes) => void inboxP.then((inbox) => dispose(inbox.deliver(bytes))),
onRpcBroken: (cb) => void inboxP.then((inbox) => inbox.onRpcBroken?.(cb), cb),
};
};
/**
* Make an OCapN netlayer for `client.registerNetlayer`.
*
* @param {object} opts
* @param {string} opts.designator this peer's designator
* @param {(designator: string) => any} opts.openGateway the gateway of
* the peer with this designator: a stub or pipelining promise
* (`openGateway(d).connect(...)`), or a plain promise for one
* @returns a netlayer maker; the netlayer has a `gateway` that accepts
* incoming connections
*/
export const makeRpcNetLayer = ({ designator, openGateway }) => {
const location = locationOf(designator);
const connections = new Set();
return (handlers, logger) => {
const track = (connection, inbox) => {
connections.add(connection);
inbox.onRpcBroken?.((reason) => {
if (connections.delete(connection)) logger.log("rpc netlayer: connection broken", reason);
handlers.handleConnectionClose(connection, reason);
});
};
const netlayer = {
location,
locationId: locationId(location),
connect: (peer) => {
const gateway = openGateway(peer.designator);
let connection;
const myInbox = new ByteInbox((bytes) => handlers.handleMessageData(connection, bytes));
// Pipelined: writes before the peer answers queue in order.
const peerInbox =
typeof gateway.connect === "function" ? gateway.connect(myInbox) : deferredInbox(gateway, myInbox);
connection = handlers.makeConnection(
netlayer,
true,
makeSocket(peerInbox, () => {
connections.delete(connection);
dispose(gateway);
}),
);
track(connection, peerInbox);
return connection;
},
shutdown: () => {
for (const connection of [...connections]) connection.end();
},
};
class Gateway extends RpcTarget {
connect(peerInbox) {
const peer = peerInbox.dup?.() ?? peerInbox;
const connection = handlers.makeConnection(
netlayer,
false,
makeSocket(peer, () => {
connections.delete(connection);
dispose(peer);
}),
);
track(connection, peer);
return new ByteInbox((bytes) => handlers.handleMessageData(connection, bytes));
}
}
return Object.assign(netlayer, { gateway: new Gateway() });
};
};
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{
"name": "toybox",
"version": "0.0.1",
"private": true,
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"start": "node build.js && mkdir -p state && rm -f admin.sock && systemd-socket-activate -l 127.0.0.1:8787 -l \"$PWD/admin.sock\" -- node_modules/workerd/bin/workerd serve --experimental config.capnp -S http=3 -S admin=4 -d state=state -e \"switchboard=unix:$PWD/switchboard-public.sock\"",
"switchboard": "rm -f switchboard-public.sock switchboard-local.sock && systemd-socket-activate -l \"$PWD/switchboard-public.sock\" -l \"$PWD/switchboard-local.sock\" -- node_modules/workerd/bin/workerd serve --experimental switchboard.capnp -S public=3 -S local=4",
"test": "node build.js && node --import ./test/lockdown.js --test test/*.test.js",
"build": "node build.js",
"hello": "node --import ./test/lockdown.js scripts/hello.js"
},
"devDependencies": {
"esbuild": "^0.28.2",
"workerd": "1.20261006.1",
"ws": "8.22.0"
},
"dependencies": {
"@endo/far": "^1.1.14",
"@endo/init": "^1.1.13",
"@endo/ocapn": "1.1.1",
"capnweb": "0.12.0"
}
}
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lockfileVersion: '9.0'
settings:
autoInstallPeers: true
excludeLinksFromLockfile: false
importers:
.:
dependencies:
'@endo/far':
specifier: ^1.1.14
version: 1.1.14
'@endo/init':
specifier: ^1.1.13
version: 1.1.13
'@endo/ocapn':
specifier: 1.1.1
version: 1.1.1
capnweb:
specifier: 0.12.0
version: 0.12.0
devDependencies:
esbuild:
specifier: ^0.28.2
version: 0.28.2
workerd:
specifier: 1.20261006.1
version: 1.20261006.1
ws:
specifier: 8.22.0
version: 8.22.0
packages:
'@cloudflare/workerd-darwin-64@1.20261006.1':
resolution: {integrity: sha512-lCX6avJO2It9AyDEYitjmOtJRVp/xmaW0TziyoLAnfxlzozyyRbSFfIIMMCiDx/sTP1++E4VLbV+7BHSD33f0Q==}
engines: {node: '>=16'}
cpu: [x64]
os: [darwin]
'@cloudflare/workerd-darwin-arm64@1.20261006.1':
resolution: {integrity: sha512-PyFGjOaldtppnLuKsdkoYWXfLVpDjuf8u+uoykX+1Xvxo2EPmCVViq0iDKm+U7c7PRno85ehS3/MPVXyk2HwHw==}
engines: {node: '>=16'}
cpu: [arm64]
os: [darwin]
'@cloudflare/workerd-linux-64@1.20261006.1':
resolution: {integrity: sha512-Ntf9S8eesmVufdjaT2kzWlz6Ng9XGYTc6cHQVRKAg59lFufwsIabGeMT6U4KkrpEeSIxgHq8aPtuLbZXE19tCA==}
engines: {node: '>=16'}
cpu: [x64]
os: [linux]
'@cloudflare/workerd-linux-arm64@1.20261006.1':
resolution: {integrity: sha512-JyeDBymVWw5tVRebSsVE8ojDYxd6UlZrAseHU8G+NpIyd5wF61tXlF/axLeCUqu0pOhBFHb8I5QKi0jwrCK41Q==}
engines: {node: '>=16'}
cpu: [arm64]
os: [linux]
'@cloudflare/workerd-windows-64@1.20261006.1':
resolution: {integrity: sha512-nWP0URNqOBN9fa/gZ7eh/w051DwjOXN8j4lDZDYVXyQPsux6sV3DfyYZT+CjR/rt9nKBSmJT9QE9/bWT18+84w==}
engines: {node: '>=16'}
cpu: [x64]
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'@esbuild/netbsd-arm64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/netbsd-x64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/openbsd-arm64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/openbsd-x64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/openharmony-arm64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/sunos-x64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/win32-arm64': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/win32-ia32': 0.28.2
'@esbuild/win32-x64': 0.28.2
ses@2.3.0:
dependencies:
'@endo/cache-map': 1.1.0
'@endo/env-options': 1.1.11
'@endo/immutable-arraybuffer': 2.0.0
workerd@1.20261006.1:
optionalDependencies:
'@cloudflare/workerd-darwin-64': 1.20261006.1
'@cloudflare/workerd-darwin-arm64': 1.20261006.1
'@cloudflare/workerd-linux-64': 1.20261006.1
'@cloudflare/workerd-linux-arm64': 1.20261006.1
'@cloudflare/workerd-windows-64': 1.20261006.1
ws@8.22.0: {}
+20
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/**
* @file Create the hello-world vat on a running toybox and mount it.
*
* Usage: node --import ./test/lockdown.js scripts/hello.js [name]
* then visit http://127.0.0.1:8787/?vat=<name> (default name: hello).
*/
import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
import { E } from "@endo/far";
import { connectClient } from "../client.js";
const name = process.argv[2] ?? "hello";
const client = await connectClient("admin.sock", `hello-script-${process.pid}`);
try {
const ingress = await E(client.vatAdmin).makeIngress({ vat: name });
const { id, root } = await E(client.vatAdmin).createVat(await readFile("vats/hello.js", "utf8"), { ingress });
await root; // its handoff, settled before the client goes
console.log(`vat ${id}\nhttp://127.0.0.1:8787/?vat=${name}`);
} finally {
client.close();
}
+575
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/** @file toybox supervisor: vats with code installed at runtime, each app a facet; ingress by mount, egress by grant. */
import "@endo/init";
import { DurableObject, WorkerEntrypoint } from "cloudflare:workers";
import { RpcTarget, newWebSocketRpcSession, newWorkersRpcResponse } from "capnweb";
import { E, Far, passStyleOf } from "@endo/far";
import { makeClient, swissnumFromBytes } from "@endo/ocapn";
import { mergeLabels, urlLabels } from "./labels.js";
import { LOOKUP, MOUNT, MOUNT_LABELS, MOUNT_SCHEMA, OVERLAP, UNMOUNT, UNMOUNT_LABELS } from "./mounts-sql.js";
import { locationOf, makeRpcNetLayer } from "./netlayer.js";
import VAT_RUNTIME from "vat-runtime.txt";
/**
* A stored grant: labels as JSON, or (before labels) a bare `host[:port]`.
*
* @param {string} stored
*/
const grantLabels = (stored) => {
if (stored.startsWith("{")) return JSON.parse(stored);
const { host, port } = urlLabels(`http://${stored}`);
return stored.includes(":") ? { host, port } : { host };
};
const hex = (buf) => [...new Uint8Array(buf)].map((b) => b.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")).join("");
/**
* One vat, by DO id: holds its installed code and egress grant; the app
* facet holds the app's state. Its mount, if any, is in the {@link Directory}.
*
* Code is stored by hash so the facet can be rebuilt after hibernation or a
* restart. The app's global `fetch` throws; a granted host arrives as
* `env.egress`, an {@link Egress} the app can pass along like any object.
*
* Each `start` begins a new incarnation, which names the loaded Worker: the
* same code with a different grant must not share a Worker.
*/
export class Vat extends DurableObject {
constructor(ctx, env) {
super(ctx, env);
ctx.storage.sql.exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS bundle (hash TEXT PRIMARY KEY, src TEXT)");
ctx.storage.sql.exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS current (k INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (k = 0), hash TEXT)");
ctx.storage.sql.exec(
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS incarnation (k INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (k = 0), n INTEGER, egress TEXT)",
);
// absent: an app vat (exports class App), from before OCapN vats
ctx.storage.sql.exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS kind (k INTEGER PRIMARY KEY CHECK (k = 0), kind TEXT)");
}
/**
* Install `src` and run the app on it; the app's storage carries over.
*
* @param {string} src an ES module exporting `class App extends DurableObject`
* @param {string | null} egress the app's grant: egress labels as JSON (see labels.js), or none
* @param {"app" | "ocapn"} kind `app`: `src` exports `class App`; `ocapn`:
* `src` exports `buildRootObject`, run by vat-runtime.js
* @returns {Promise<string>} the code's SHA-256, hex
*/
async start(src, egress, kind = "app") {
const hash = hex(await crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256", encodeUtf8(src)));
const { sql } = this.ctx.storage;
sql.exec("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO bundle VALUES (?, ?)", hash, src);
sql.exec("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO current VALUES (0, ?)", hash);
const [prev] = sql.exec("SELECT n FROM incarnation").toArray();
sql.exec("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO incarnation VALUES (0, ?, ?)", (prev?.n ?? 0) + 1, egress);
sql.exec("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO kind VALUES (0, ?)", kind);
this.ctx.facets.abort("app", new Error("upgraded"));
return hash;
}
#app({ src, n, egress, kind }) {
return this.ctx.facets.get("app", () => {
const env = egress ? { egress: this.ctx.exports.Egress({ props: { labels: grantLabels(egress) } }) } : {};
const code =
kind === "ocapn"
? {
mainModule: "runtime.js",
modules: { "runtime.js": VAT_RUNTIME, "vat.js": src },
env: { ...env, vatId: this.ctx.id.toString(), router: this.ctx.exports.Router({ props: {} }) },
}
: { mainModule: "app.js", modules: { "app.js": src }, env };
const worker = this.env.LOADER.get(`${this.ctx.id}:${n}`, () => ({
compatibilityDate: "2026-10-01",
...code,
globalOutbound: null,
}));
return { class: worker.getDurableObjectClass("App") };
});
}
#current() {
const [row] = this.ctx.storage.sql
.exec(
`SELECT b.hash, b.src, coalesce(i.n, 0) AS n, i.egress, coalesce(k.kind, 'app') AS kind
FROM current c JOIN bundle b USING (hash)
LEFT JOIN incarnation i ON i.k = 0 LEFT JOIN kind k ON k.k = 0`,
)
.toArray();
return row;
}
fetch(request) {
const row = this.#current();
if (!row) return new Response("no code installed\n", { status: 404 });
return this.#app(row).fetch(request);
}
/** An OCapN vat's gateway, for the router. */
gateway() {
const row = this.#current();
if (row?.kind !== "ocapn") throw new Error("not an OCapN vat");
return this.#app(row).gateway();
}
}
/**
* A vat's egress grant: a switchboard handle constrained to the labels in
* `ctx.props`, which no holder can change. The switchboard enforces them;
* a refusal comes back as a 403.
*/
export class Egress extends WorkerEntrypoint {
/** A narrower grant: these labels too (conflicting ones throw). */
constrain(more) {
return this.ctx.exports.Egress({ props: { labels: mergeLabels(this.ctx.props.labels, more) } });
}
async #handle() {
const resp = await this.env.SWITCHBOARD.fetch("http://switchboard/", { headers: { Upgrade: "websocket" } });
const ws = resp.webSocket;
if (!ws) throw new Error(`switchboard refused a session: ${resp.status}`);
ws.accept();
return newWebSocketRpcSession(ws).constrain(this.ctx.props.labels);
}
async fetch(request) {
try {
const handle = await this.#handle();
if (request.headers.get("Upgrade")?.toLowerCase() !== "websocket") return await handle.fetch(request);
const protocols = (request.headers.get("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol") ?? "").split(",").map((p) => p.trim()).filter(Boolean);
const { readable, writable, protocol } = await handle.webSocket(request.url, protocols);
return this.#bridge(readable, writable, protocol);
} catch (e) {
return new Response(`egress refused: ${e.message}\n`, { status: 403 });
}
}
/** A WebSocket for the vat whose messages travel the switchboard's streams. */
#bridge(readable, writable, protocol) {
const [client, server] = Object.values(new WebSocketPair());
server.accept();
const writer = writable.getWriter();
server.addEventListener("message", (e) => writer.write(e.data).catch(() => server.close(1011)));
server.addEventListener("close", () => writer.close().catch(() => {}));
this.ctx.waitUntil(
(async () => {
for await (const m of readable) server.send(m);
server.close();
})().catch(() => server.close(1011)),
);
const headers = protocol ? { "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol": protocol } : {};
return new Response(null, { status: 101, webSocket: client, headers });
}
}
/** The vatAdmin's designator, and the swissnum of its bootstrap object. */
const VAT_ADMIN = "vatAdmin";
/** The swissnum of an OCapN vat's bootstrap (see vat-runtime.js). */
const VAT_SWISSNUM = "vat";
/** UTF-8 bytes of a string: the method alone, so no encoder object is in module scope. */
const encodeUtf8 = harden(TextEncoder.prototype.encode.bind(new TextEncoder()));
/**
* The vatAdmin: an OCapN peer, and the router through which every OCapN
* peer here reaches every other. One instance, by name.
*
* Peers find each other by designator: the vatAdmin's is `vatAdmin`, a
* vat's is its id, and a client registers its own when it connects to
* the admin socket. Nothing here can dial out, so a handoff's receiver
* reaches the exporter through this router.
*/
export class VatAdmin extends DurableObject {
#clients = new Map();
/** mount key → the handler serving it: live, so lost when this object is evicted */
#handlers = new Map();
/** mount key → resolvers waiting for a handler */
#waiting = new Map();
/** mount key ↔ its ingress object, made again as needed */
#ingresses = new Map();
#ingressKeys = new WeakMap();
#reviving = new Map();
#ready;
constructor(ctx, env) {
super(ctx, env);
const { sql } = ctx.storage;
// a vat's params, encoded (see #encode); a vat absent here can't be restarted
sql.exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS vat_params (vat TEXT PRIMARY KEY, params TEXT)");
// which vat was given which ingress, so a request can restart it
sql.exec("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ingress_vat (key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, vat TEXT)");
this.#ready = this.#boot();
}
/** @param {string} key */
#ingressFor(key) {
let ingress = this.#ingresses.get(key);
if (!ingress) {
ingress = Far("ingress", {
/** @param {{ handle: (request: object) => object }} handler */
serve: (handler) => {
this.#handlers.set(key, handler);
for (const resolve of this.#waiting.get(key) ?? []) resolve();
this.#waiting.delete(key);
},
});
this.#ingresses.set(key, ingress);
this.#ingressKeys.set(ingress, key);
}
return ingress;
}
/**
* `params` as JSON, an ingress by its key; `null` if anything in it can't
* be made again here (a remote object of another peer, say).
*/
#encode(params) {
const keys = [];
const walk = (v) => {
const style = passStyleOf(v);
if (style === "remotable") {
const key = this.#ingressKeys.get(v);
if (!key) throw new Error("not restartable");
keys.push(key);
return { "@ingress": key };
}
if (style === "copyArray") return v.map(walk);
if (style === "copyRecord") return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(v).map(([k, x]) => [k, walk(x)]));
if (["string", "number", "boolean", "null"].includes(style)) return v;
throw new Error("not restartable");
};
try {
return { json: JSON.stringify(walk(params)), keys };
} catch {
return null;
}
}
#decode(json) {
const walk = (v) => {
if (Array.isArray(v)) return v.map(walk);
if (v && typeof v === "object") {
if ("@ingress" in v) return this.#ingressFor(v["@ingress"]);
return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(v).map(([k, x]) => [k, walk(x)]));
}
return v;
};
return harden(walk(JSON.parse(json)));
}
/** (Re)start a vat's code with `params`: it rebuilds its root. */
async #startVat(vat, params) {
const vatBootstrap = await this.#enliven(vat, VAT_SWISSNUM);
return E(vatBootstrap).start(params);
}
/**
* The handler for a mount whose handler went with an evicted instance:
* restart the vat given its ingress, and wait for it to serve again.
*
* @param {string} key
*/
#revive(key) {
let reviving = this.#reviving.get(key);
if (!reviving) {
reviving = (async () => {
const [row] = this.ctx.storage.sql
.exec("SELECT i.vat, p.params FROM ingress_vat i JOIN vat_params p USING (vat) WHERE i.key = ?", key)
.toArray();
if (!row) return null;
const served = new Promise((resolve) => this.#waiting.set(key, [...(this.#waiting.get(key) ?? []), resolve]));
await this.#startVat(row.vat, this.#decode(row.params));
await Promise.race([served, new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 5000))]);
return this.#handlers.get(key) ?? null;
})().finally(() => this.#reviving.delete(key));
this.#reviving.set(key, reviving);
}
return reviving;
}
async #boot() {
const vatAdmin = Far("vatAdmin", {
/**
* Create an OCapN vat running `src`; `params` (any passable,
* remote objects included) reach its `buildRootObject`.
*
* If `params` holds only data and ingresses, they are kept, and the
* vat is restarted with them when a request needs it after an
* eviction or a restart.
*
* @param {string} src an ES module exporting `buildRootObject(vatPowers, params)`
*/
createVat: async (src, params = {}) => {
const id = this.env.VATS.newUniqueId();
const vat = id.toString();
await this.env.VATS.get(id).start(src, null, "ocapn");
const encoded = this.#encode(params);
if (encoded) {
const { sql } = this.ctx.storage;
sql.exec("INSERT INTO vat_params VALUES (?, ?)", vat, encoded.json);
for (const key of encoded.keys) sql.exec("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO ingress_vat VALUES (?, ?)", key, vat);
}
const root = await this.#startVat(vat, params);
return harden({ id: vat, root });
},
/**
* Reserve a mount at `labels` and return the ingress for it: whoever
* holds the ingress (a vat it is passed to, say) serves requests
* that carry those labels.
*
* @param {Record<string, string>} labels
*/
makeIngress: async (labels) => {
const key = `ingress:${crypto.randomUUID()}`;
await this.env.DIRECTORY.getByName("directory").mount(key, harden({ ...labels }));
return this.#ingressFor(key);
},
});
// workerd runs FinalizationRegistry callbacks outside any request, where
// sending the resulting GC message is forbidden I/O. So imports are
// never collected here; they go when their session does.
this.ocapn = makeClient({
debugLabel: VAT_ADMIN,
swissnumTable: new Map([[VAT_ADMIN, vatAdmin]]),
enableImportCollection: false,
});
const netlayer = await this.ocapn.registerNetlayer(
makeRpcNetLayer({ designator: VAT_ADMIN, openGateway: (designator) => this.gateway(designator) }),
);
this.own = netlayer.gateway;
}
#enliven(designator, swissnum) {
return this.ocapn.enlivenSturdyRef(
this.ocapn.makeSturdyRef(locationOf(designator), swissnumFromBytes(encodeUtf8(swissnum))),
);
}
/**
* The gateway of the peer with this designator.
*
* @param {string} designator
*/
async gateway(designator) {
await this.#ready;
if (designator === VAT_ADMIN) return this.own;
const client = this.#clients.get(designator);
if (client) return client;
let id;
try {
id = this.env.VATS.idFromString(designator);
} catch {
throw new Error("no such peer");
}
return this.env.VATS.get(id).gateway();
}
/**
* One HTTP request, as passable data, for the handler serving `key`;
* `null` when nothing serves it.
*
* @param {string} key
* @param {object} request
*/
async serveHttp(key, request) {
await this.#ready;
const handler = this.#handlers.get(key) ?? (await this.#revive(key));
return handler ? E(handler).handle(harden(request)) : null;
}
/** A WebSocket here starts a Cap'n Web session whose main object is an {@link AdminSession}. */
fetch(request) {
return newWorkersRpcResponse(request, new AdminSession(this, this.#clients));
}
}
/**
* What an OCapN client on the admin socket gets: register its own
* gateway under a designator, and reach any peer's.
*/
class AdminSession extends RpcTarget {
#vatAdmin;
#clients;
constructor(vatAdmin, clients) {
super();
this.#vatAdmin = vatAdmin;
this.#clients = clients;
}
/** @param {string} designator @param {any} gateway */
register(designator, gateway) {
if (designator === VAT_ADMIN || /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/.test(designator) || this.#clients.has(designator)) {
throw new Error("designator taken");
}
this.#clients.set(designator, gateway.dup?.() ?? gateway);
}
/** @param {string} designator */
gateway(designator) {
return this.#vatAdmin.gateway(designator);
}
}
/** A vat's way to the router: `env.router` in an OCapN vat. */
export class Router extends WorkerEntrypoint {
gateway(designator) {
return this.env.VAT_ADMIN.getByName(VAT_ADMIN).gateway(designator);
}
}
/**
* Mounts: which vat serves which label set. One instance, by name.
*
* Registration follows Flower: a mount must conflict with every other, so
* no request can carry two mounts' labels. Lookup is stricter than
* Flower's: the request must carry all of a mount's labels.
*/
export class Directory extends DurableObject {
constructor(ctx, env) {
super(ctx, env);
for (const statement of MOUNT_SCHEMA) ctx.storage.sql.exec(statement);
}
/**
* Mount `vat` at `labels`, replacing its mount; `null` unmounts it.
*
* @param {string} vat a Vat's DO id, hex
* @param {Record<string, string> | null} labels
*/
mount(vat, labels) {
const { sql } = this.ctx.storage;
this.ctx.storage.transactionSync(() => {
sql.exec(UNMOUNT_LABELS, vat);
if (!labels) return void sql.exec(UNMOUNT, vat);
const json = JSON.stringify(labels);
if (sql.exec(OVERLAP, json, vat).toArray().length) {
throw new Error("mount overlaps another: add a label whose value tells them apart");
}
sql.exec(MOUNT, vat, json);
sql.exec(MOUNT_LABELS, vat, json);
});
}
/**
* The mount whose labels `request` carries, if any. Registration keeps
* mounts pairwise conflicting, so at most one can match.
*
* @param {Record<string, string>} request
*/
lookup(request) {
const [row] = this.ctx.storage.sql.exec(LOOKUP, JSON.stringify(request)).toArray();
return row ? { vat: row.vat, labels: JSON.parse(row.labels) } : null;
}
}
/**
* A request's labels: its query parameters.
*
* Routing carries no secrets: a URL ends up in logs and `Referer`s. A
* secret travels in-band instead, as on a webkey page: the page keeps it
* in its fragment, reaches the vat by public labels, and sends it in the
* body of a call, which the vat checks like a swissnum.
*
* @param {Request} request
*/
const requestLabels = (request) => {
const labels = {};
for (const [k, v] of new URL(request.url).searchParams) {
if (k in labels) throw new Error(`label ${k} given twice`);
labels[k] = v;
}
return Object.freeze(labels);
};
/**
* The http socket: the ingress. A request reaches the vat mounted at labels
* it carries, which sees the mount's and the request's labels together in
* a `Toybox-Connection-Labels` header (JSON), as a Flower server gets its
* connection labels.
*/
export class Public extends WorkerEntrypoint {
async fetch(request) {
let labels;
try {
labels = requestLabels(request);
} catch (e) {
return new Response(`bad labels: ${e.message}\n`, { status: 400 });
}
const mount = await this.env.DIRECTORY.getByName("directory").lookup(labels);
if (!mount) return new Response("nothing mounted here\n", { status: 404 });
if (mount.vat.startsWith("ingress:")) return this.#serveOcapn(mount, labels, request);
const forwarded = new Request(request);
forwarded.headers.set("Toybox-Connection-Labels", JSON.stringify(mergeLabels(mount.labels, labels)));
const resp = await this.env.VATS.get(this.env.VATS.idFromString(mount.vat)).fetch(forwarded);
if (resp.webSocket) return resp;
const sealed = new Response(resp.body, resp);
sealed.headers.set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer");
return sealed;
}
/** A mount made by `makeIngress`: the request goes, as data, to whoever serves it. */
async #serveOcapn(mount, labels, request) {
const { pathname } = new URL(request.url);
const body = ["GET", "HEAD"].includes(request.method) ? "" : await request.text();
const req = { method: request.method, path: pathname, labels: mergeLabels(mount.labels, labels), body };
const res = await this.env.VAT_ADMIN.getByName(VAT_ADMIN).serveHttp(mount.vat, req);
if (!res) return new Response("mounted, but nothing serves it now\n", { status: 503 });
const resp = new Response(res.body ?? "", { status: res.status ?? 200, headers: res.headers ?? {} });
resp.headers.set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer");
return resp;
}
}
/**
* Grants in a query parameter, as JSON labels; absent means none.
*
* @param {URL} url
* @param {string} name
*/
const grantParam = (url, name) => {
const v = url.searchParams.get(name);
return v ? JSON.parse(v) : null;
};
/**
* The admin socket: a WebSocket upgrade reaches the {@link VatAdmin} (OCapN
* over Cap'n Web); otherwise, app vats over HTTP:
*
* - `POST /` with an ES module body creates a vat and starts it; the reply
* is `{"vat": <id>, "hash": <code hash>}`, and the id addresses it here.
* - `PUT /<id>` with a body upgrades it; its storage carries over.
* - `PUT /by-name/<name>` does the same for a vat from before ids, when
* vats were named.
*
* Every start states the vat's grants, absent meaning none:
* `?egress=<labels>` (see {@link Egress}) and `?mount=<labels>` (ingress:
* see {@link Public}).
*/
export class Admin extends WorkerEntrypoint {
async fetch(request) {
if (request.headers.get("Upgrade")?.toLowerCase() === "websocket") {
return this.env.VAT_ADMIN.getByName(VAT_ADMIN).fetch(request);
}
const url = new URL(request.url);
const [, first, second] = url.pathname.split("/");
let id;
if (request.method === "POST" && !first) id = this.env.VATS.newUniqueId();
else if (request.method === "PUT" && first === "by-name" && second) id = this.env.VATS.idFromName(second);
else if (request.method === "PUT" && first && !second) {
try {
id = this.env.VATS.idFromString(first);
} catch {
return new Response("no such vat\n", { status: 404 });
}
} else return new Response("POST / or PUT /<id> or PUT /by-name/<name>, with code\n", { status: 405 });
const vat = id.toString();
try {
await this.env.DIRECTORY.getByName("directory").mount(vat, grantParam(url, "mount"));
} catch (e) {
return new Response(`${e.message}\n`, { status: 409 });
}
const egress = url.searchParams.get("egress");
const hash = await this.env.VATS.get(id).start(await request.text(), egress);
return Response.json({ vat, hash });
}
}
export default Public;
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# switchboard: toybox's only way out, after Flower's switchboard.
#
# Each socket is a handle with fixed labels: a WebSocket upgrade starts a
# Cap'n Web session whose main object is that handle (see switchboard.js).
# Whoever starts workerd hands the sockets in (-S/-s), so whoever holds a
# socket's fd holds that handle and no other.
using Workerd = import "/workerd/workerd.capnp";
const config :Workerd.Config = (
services = [
(name = "main", worker = .switchboard),
(name = "nowhere", network = (allow = [])),
(name = "public-net", network = (allow = ["public"], tlsOptions = (trustBrowserCas = true))),
(name = "local-net", network = (allow = ["local"], tlsOptions = (trustBrowserCas = true))),
],
sockets = [
(name = "public", http = (), service = (name = "main", props = (json = "{\"network\":\"public\"}"))),
(name = "local", http = (), service = (name = "main", props = (json = "{\"network\":\"local\"}"))),
],
);
const switchboard :Workerd.Worker = (
compatibilityDate = "2026-10-01",
modules = [
(name = "switchboard.js", esModule = embed "switchboard.js"),
(name = "labels.js", esModule = embed "labels.js"),
(name = "capnweb", esModule = embed "node_modules/capnweb/dist/index-workers.js"),
],
bindings = [
(name = "PUBLIC", service = "public-net"),
(name = "LOCAL", service = "local-net"),
],
globalOutbound = "nowhere",
);
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/** @file switchboard: Flower-style egress handles, served over Cap'n Web. */
import { WorkerEntrypoint } from "cloudflare:workers";
import { RpcTarget, newWorkersRpcResponse } from "capnweb";
import { checkUrl, mergeLabels } from "./labels.js";
/**
* One egress handle: reaches only URLs within its labels, through the
* network its `network` label names. Like a Flower switchboard handle, it
* can only be narrowed; unlike one, it is a Cap'n Web stub, not an fd.
*/
export class Handle extends RpcTarget {
#labels;
#net;
/**
* @param {Record<string, string>} labels
* @param {Fetcher} net
*/
constructor(labels, net) {
super();
this.#labels = labels;
this.#net = net;
}
/** @param {Record<string, string>} more */
constrain(more) {
return new Handle(mergeLabels(this.#labels, more), this.#net);
}
labels() {
return this.#labels;
}
/** @param {Request} request */
fetch(request) {
checkUrl(this.#labels, request.url);
return this.#net.fetch(request);
}
/**
* Open a WebSocket to `url`; its messages cross the session as streams.
*
* @param {string} url `http:` or `https:`, as for a `fetch` upgrade
* @param {string[]} [protocols]
*/
async webSocket(url, protocols = []) {
checkUrl(this.#labels, url);
const headers = { Upgrade: "websocket" };
if (protocols.length) headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocols.join(", ");
const resp = await this.#net.fetch(url, { headers });
const ws = resp.webSocket;
if (!ws) throw new Error(`no websocket: ${resp.status}`);
ws.accept();
const readable = new ReadableStream({
start(controller) {
ws.addEventListener("message", (e) => controller.enqueue(e.data));
ws.addEventListener("close", () => controller.close());
ws.addEventListener("error", () => controller.error(new Error("websocket error")));
},
});
const writable = new WritableStream({
write: (chunk) => ws.send(chunk),
close: () => ws.close(),
abort: () => ws.close(1011),
});
return { readable, writable, protocol: resp.headers.get("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol") ?? "" };
}
}
/**
* A switchboard socket: a WebSocket upgrade here starts a Cap'n Web
* session whose main object is a {@link Handle} with this socket's labels.
*/
export default class Root extends WorkerEntrypoint {
fetch(request) {
const labels = Object.freeze({ ...this.ctx.props });
const net = { public: this.env.PUBLIC, local: this.env.LOCAL }[labels.network];
if (!net) return new Response("socket has no network\n", { status: 500 });
return newWorkersRpcResponse(request, new Handle(labels, net));
}
}
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[Unit]
Description=toybox switchboard (workerd, Cap'n Web egress handles)
Requires=toybox-switchboard.socket
[Service]
# the local (localhost) handle goes where no other unit can open it;
# hand it out deliberately, if ever
ExecStart=/opt/toybox/node_modules/workerd/bin/workerd serve --experimental /opt/toybox/switchboard.capnp -S public=3 -s local=unix:/run/toybox-switchboard/local.sock
RuntimeDirectory=toybox-switchboard
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0700
DynamicUser=yes
ProtectSystem=strict
ProtectHome=yes
PrivateTmp=yes
SystemCallFilter=@system-service
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[Unit]
Description=toybox switchboard: the public egress handle
[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/toybox/switchboard-public.sock
# only toybox holds this handle: its service joins this group
SocketGroup=toybox
SocketMode=0660
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
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[Unit]
Description=toybox vats (workerd)
Requires=toybox.socket toybox-switchboard.socket
After=toybox-switchboard.socket
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/toybox/node_modules/workerd/bin/workerd serve --experimental /opt/toybox/config.capnp -S http=3 -S admin=4 -d state=/var/lib/toybox -e switchboard=unix:/run/toybox/switchboard-public.sock
DynamicUser=yes
# to open the public switchboard socket
SupplementaryGroups=toybox
StateDirectory=toybox
# no network but the sockets handed in, and the switchboard's
PrivateNetwork=yes
RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX
ProtectSystem=strict
ProtectHome=yes
PrivateTmp=yes
SystemCallFilter=@system-service
# not MemoryDenyWriteExecute: V8's JIT needs W+X
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[Unit]
Description=toybox vats: public port and admin socket
[Socket]
# order sets the fds: http=3, admin=4 (see toybox.service)
ListenStream=127.0.0.1:8787
ListenStream=/run/toybox/admin.sock
# whoever can open admin.sock can install code
SocketUser=root
SocketMode=0600
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
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// @endo/init/debug.js, but with `overrideTaming: 'moderate'`: Node 24's
// undici assigns `message` to its errors (ClientDestroyedError when a
// WebSocket closes), which 'min' makes a TypeError.
import '@endo/init/pre-remoting.js';
lockdown({
errorTaming: 'unsafe',
overrideTaming: 'moderate',
domainTaming: 'unsafe',
});
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/** @file The ingress's mount SQL, on node:sqlite: lookup, overlap, and mounts stored before mount_label. */
import { DatabaseSync } from "node:sqlite";
import { test } from "node:test";
import assert from "node:assert/strict";
import { LOOKUP, MOUNT, MOUNT_LABELS, MOUNT_SCHEMA, OVERLAP } from "../mounts-sql.js";
const makeDb = () => {
const db = new DatabaseSync(":memory:");
for (const statement of MOUNT_SCHEMA) db.exec(statement);
const mount = (vat, labels) => {
const json = JSON.stringify(labels);
db.prepare(MOUNT).run(vat, json);
db.prepare(MOUNT_LABELS).run(vat, json);
};
const lookup = (request) => db.prepare(LOOKUP).get(JSON.stringify(request))?.vat ?? null;
const overlaps = (vat, labels) => !!db.prepare(OVERLAP).get(JSON.stringify(labels), vat);
return { db, mount, lookup, overlaps };
};
test("a request reaches the mount whose every label it carries", () => {
const { mount, lookup } = makeDb();
mount("a", { vat: "alice", flavor: "plain" });
mount("b", { vat: "bob" });
assert.equal(lookup({ vat: "alice", flavor: "plain", page: "2" }), "a");
assert.equal(lookup({ vat: "alice" }), null);
assert.equal(lookup({ vat: "alice", flavor: "fancy" }), null);
assert.equal(lookup({ vat: "bob" }), "b");
assert.equal(lookup({}), null);
});
test("a mount with no labels matches any request", () => {
const { mount, lookup } = makeDb();
mount("only", {});
assert.equal(lookup({ anything: "x" }), "only");
});
test("overlap: a mount must conflict with every other", () => {
const { mount, overlaps } = makeDb();
mount("a", { vat: "alice" });
assert.equal(overlaps("b", { vat: "alice", n: "2" }), true);
assert.equal(overlaps("b", { app: "x" }), true);
assert.equal(overlaps("b", { vat: "bob" }), false);
assert.equal(overlaps("a", { vat: "alice", n: "2" }), false, "a vat's own mount doesn't count");
});
test("mounts stored before mount_label are filled in when the schema runs", () => {
const db = new DatabaseSync(":memory:");
db.exec("CREATE TABLE mount (vat TEXT PRIMARY KEY, labels TEXT)");
db.prepare("INSERT INTO mount VALUES (?, ?)").run("old", JSON.stringify({ vat: "old" }));
for (const statement of MOUNT_SCHEMA) db.exec(statement);
assert.equal(db.prepare(LOOKUP).get(JSON.stringify({ vat: "old" }))?.vat, "old");
assert.equal(db.prepare(LOOKUP).get(JSON.stringify({ vat: "other" })), undefined);
});
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/** @file OCapN vats: a client on the admin socket creates a vat and passes it a remote object. */
import { mkdir, mkdtemp, readFile, rm } from "node:fs/promises";
import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
import { join } from "node:path";
import { after, before, test } from "node:test";
import assert from "node:assert/strict";
import { E, Far } from "@endo/far";
import { connectClient } from "../client.js";
import { freePort, here, startWorkerd } from "./workerd.js";
const vatSrc = (name) => readFile(join(here, "vats", name), "utf8");
let dir, port, server, client;
const startToybox = () =>
startWorkerd(
"config.capnp",
[
"-s", `http=127.0.0.1:${port}`, "-s", `admin=unix:${join(dir, "admin.sock")}`,
"-d", `state=${join(dir, "state")}`, "-e", `switchboard=unix:${join(dir, "no-switchboard.sock")}`,
],
{ port, host: "127.0.0.1" },
[join(dir, "admin.sock")],
);
before(async () => {
dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "toybox-ocapn-"));
await mkdir(join(dir, "state"));
port = await freePort();
server = await startToybox();
client = await connectClient(join(dir, "admin.sock"), "client-1", { verbose: !!process.env.OCAPN_LOG });
});
after(async () => {
client?.close();
await server?.stop();
await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
});
test("createVat passes a remote object in; the vat's root comes back", async () => {
const carol = Far("carol", { greet: (name) => `hi ${name}, from carol` });
const { id, root } = await E(client.vatAdmin).createVat(await vatSrc("greeter.js"), { carol });
assert.match(id, /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
assert.equal(await E(root).hello(), "hello from the vat");
assert.equal(await E(root).greetVia("vat"), "hi vat, from carol");
});
test("a counter vat counts; two counter vats count apart", async () => {
const src = await vatSrc("counter.js");
const { root: a } = await E(client.vatAdmin).createVat(src);
const { root: b } = await E(client.vatAdmin).createVat(src);
assert.equal(await E(a).increment(), 1);
assert.equal(await E(a).increment(), 2);
assert.equal(await E(b).increment(), 1);
assert.equal(await E(a).read(), 2);
assert.equal(await E(b).read(), 1);
});
test("a vat serves the web through the ingress it is given", async () => {
const ingress = await E(client.vatAdmin).makeIngress({ vat: "hello" });
await E(client.vatAdmin).createVat(await vatSrc("hello.js"), { ingress });
const resp = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/greet?vat=hello`);
assert.equal(resp.status, 200);
assert.equal(resp.headers.get("content-type"), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
assert.match(await resp.text(), /<h1>Hello, world<\/h1><p>from a toybox vat, at \/greet<\/p>/);
});
test("an ingress nobody serves is a 503", async () => {
await E(client.vatAdmin).makeIngress({ vat: "idle" });
assert.equal((await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/?vat=idle`)).status, 503);
});
test("after a crash, a request restarts the vat that serves it", async () => {
// its own toybox: a crash breaks every session to it, the shared client's too
const home = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "toybox-phoenix-"));
await mkdir(join(home, "state"));
const port2 = await freePort();
const start = () =>
startWorkerd(
"config.capnp",
[
"-s", `http=127.0.0.1:${port2}`, "-s", `admin=unix:${join(home, "admin.sock")}`,
"-d", `state=${join(home, "state")}`, "-e", `switchboard=unix:${join(home, "no-switchboard.sock")}`,
],
{ port: port2, host: "127.0.0.1" },
[join(home, "admin.sock")],
);
let toybox = await start();
try {
const creator = await connectClient(join(home, "admin.sock"), "creator");
const ingress = await E(creator.vatAdmin).makeIngress({ vat: "phoenix" });
const { root } = await E(creator.vatAdmin).createVat(await vatSrc("hello.js"), { ingress });
assert.equal((await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port2}/?vat=phoenix`)).status, 200);
await root; // its handoff, settled before the client goes
creator.close();
await toybox.stop();
toybox = await start();
const resp = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port2}/again?vat=phoenix`);
assert.equal(resp.status, 200);
assert.match(await resp.text(), /Hello, world.*at \/again/);
} finally {
await toybox.stop();
await rm(home, { recursive: true, force: true });
}
});
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/** @file toybox end to end: a real workerd, an admin socket, a public port, a switchboard with two handles. */
import { mkdir, mkdtemp, readFile, rm } from "node:fs/promises";
import { createServer as createHttpServer, request } from "node:http";
import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
import { join } from "node:path";
import { after, before, test } from "node:test";
import assert from "node:assert/strict";
import { WebSocketServer } from "ws";
import { freePort, here, startWorkerd } from "./workerd.js";
const app = (name) => readFile(join(here, "apps", name), "utf8");
/**
* The admin socket: holding it is the authority to create and upgrade vats.
*
* @param {string} socketPath
*/
const makeAdmin = (socketPath) => {
const send = (method, path, src, { egress, mount } = {}) =>
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const q = new URLSearchParams();
if (egress) q.set("egress", typeof egress === "string" ? egress : JSON.stringify(egress));
if (mount) q.set("mount", JSON.stringify(mount));
const req = request({ socketPath, path: `${path}?${q}`, method, agent: false }, (res) => {
let body = "";
res.on("data", (c) => (body += c));
res.on("end", () => resolve(res.statusCode === 200 ? JSON.parse(body) : { status: res.statusCode, body }));
});
req.on("error", reject);
req.end(src);
});
return {
/** `createVat`: a new vat, reachable only by its id here, and by its mount */
create: (src, grants) => send("POST", "/", src, grants),
upgrade: (vat, src, grants) => send("PUT", `/${vat}`, src, grants),
/** a vat from before ids */
byName: (name, src, grants) => send("PUT", `/by-name/${name}`, src, grants),
};
};
/** @param {string} base the public origin */
const makePublic = (base) => ({
get: async (pathAndQuery, headers = {}) => {
const resp = await fetch(`${base}${pathAndQuery}`, { headers });
return { status: resp.status, text: await resp.text(), referrerPolicy: resp.headers.get("Referrer-Policy") };
},
text: async (pathAndQuery) => (await fetch(`${base}${pathAndQuery}`)).text(),
put: async (pathAndQuery, src) => (await fetch(`${base}${pathAndQuery}`, { method: "PUT", body: src })).status,
});
/** An HTTP server that answers GET with "plain ok", echoes WebSocket messages, and counts requests. */
const startEcho = async () => {
let hits = 0;
const server = createHttpServer((_req, res) => (hits++, res.end("plain ok")));
const wss = new WebSocketServer({ server });
wss.on("connection", (ws) => ws.on("message", (m) => ws.send(String(m))));
await new Promise((resolve) => server.listen(0, "127.0.0.1", resolve));
return {
host: `127.0.0.1:${server.address().port}`,
hits: () => hits,
stop: () => new Promise((resolve) => (wss.close(), server.closeAllConnections(), server.close(resolve))),
};
};
let dir, port, server, switchboard, echo, echoLabels, admin, pub;
/**
* A toybox in `dir/<name>` that holds one switchboard handle.
*
* @param {string} name
* @param {number} port
* @param {"public" | "local"} handle which switchboard socket it gets
*/
const startToybox = async (name, port, handle) => {
const home = join(dir, name);
await mkdir(join(home, "state"), { recursive: true });
return startWorkerd(
"config.capnp",
[
"-s", `http=127.0.0.1:${port}`, "-s", `admin=unix:${join(home, "admin.sock")}`,
"-d", `state=${join(home, "state")}`, "-e", `switchboard=unix:${join(dir, `sb-${handle}.sock`)}`,
],
{ port, host: "127.0.0.1" },
[join(home, "admin.sock")],
);
};
before(async () => {
dir = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "toybox-"));
port = await freePort();
echo = await startEcho();
echoLabels = { host: "127.0.0.1", port: echo.host.split(":")[1] };
switchboard = await startWorkerd(
"switchboard.capnp",
["-s", `public=unix:${join(dir, "sb-public.sock")}`, "-s", `local=unix:${join(dir, "sb-local.sock")}`],
{ path: join(dir, "sb-local.sock") },
[join(dir, "sb-public.sock"), join(dir, "sb-local.sock")],
);
// the tests' echo server is on localhost, so this toybox holds the local handle
server = await startToybox("main", port, "local");
admin = makeAdmin(join(dir, "main", "admin.sock"));
pub = makePublic(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}`);
});
after(async () => {
await server?.stop();
await switchboard?.stop();
await echo?.stop();
await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
});
const at = (name) => ({ mount: { vat: name } });
test("nothing mounted: 404", async () => {
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=nobody")).status, 404);
});
test("createVat returns an id and a code hash; unmounted, the vat is unreachable", async () => {
const { vat, hash } = await admin.create(await app("counter-v1.js"));
assert.match(vat, /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
assert.match(hash, /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
assert.equal((await pub.get("/")).status, 404);
});
test("install, run, upgrade: the app's state carries over; every start states its grants", async () => {
const { vat } = await admin.create(await app("counter-v1.js"), at("alice"));
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=alice"), "v1 count 1\n");
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=alice"), "v1 count 2\n");
await admin.upgrade(vat, await app("counter-v2.js"), at("alice"));
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=alice"), "v2 count 3\n");
await admin.upgrade(vat, await app("counter-v2.js"));
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=alice")).status, 404);
await admin.upgrade(vat, await app("counter-v2.js"), at("alice"));
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=alice"), "v2 count 4\n");
});
test("vats don't share state", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("counter-v1.js"), at("bob"));
await admin.create(await app("counter-v1.js"), at("carol"));
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=bob"), "v1 count 1\n");
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=carol"), "v1 count 1\n");
});
test("an app gets no fetch", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("try-fetch.js"), at("bob-fetch"));
assert.match(await pub.text("/?vat=bob-fetch"), /^fetch refused: This worker is not permitted to access the internet/);
});
test("the public port can't install code", async () => {
assert.equal(await pub.put("/", "export class App {}"), 404);
});
test("the path is the app's; its labels are the mount's and the request's together", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("show-labels.js"), at("lab"));
const got = await pub.get("/a/b?vat=lab&page=2");
assert.equal(got.text, `/a/b ${JSON.stringify({ vat: "lab", page: "2" })}\n`);
assert.equal(got.referrerPolicy, "no-referrer");
});
test("a label given twice is a 400", async () => {
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=lab&vat=lab")).status, 400);
});
test("mounts that could both match a request are refused", async () => {
const src = await app("show-labels.js");
await admin.create(src, at("x"));
const narrower = await admin.create(src, { mount: { vat: "x", n: "2" } });
assert.equal(narrower.status, 409);
assert.match(narrower.body, /overlaps another/);
// no key in common with the {vat} mounts: ?vat=x&app=x would carry both
assert.equal((await admin.create(src, { mount: { app: "x" } })).status, 409);
assert.match((await admin.create(src, { mount: { vat: "y", n: "2" } })).vat, /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
});
test("a request reaches a vat only by naming every label of its mount", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("show-labels.js"), { mount: { vat: "both", flavor: "plain" } });
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=both")).status, 404);
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=both&flavor=fancy")).status, 404);
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=both&flavor=plain")).status, 200);
});
test("routing reads no labels from headers", async () => {
const got = await pub.get("/?vat=both", { "Toybox-Labels": JSON.stringify({ flavor: "plain" }) });
assert.equal(got.status, 404);
});
test("code, state, and mount survive a restart", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("counter-v1.js"), at("dave"));
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=dave"), "v1 count 1\n");
await server.stop();
server = await startToybox("main", port, "local");
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=dave"), "v1 count 2\n");
});
test("a vat from before ids is unreachable until the admin mounts it by its old name", async () => {
await admin.byName("old", await app("counter-v1.js"));
assert.equal((await pub.get("/?vat=old")).status, 404);
await admin.byName("old", await app("counter-v1.js"), at("old"));
assert.equal(await pub.text("/?vat=old"), "v1 count 1\n");
});
const probe = (vat, target, { ws, constrain } = {}) =>
pub.text(
`/?vat=${vat}&url=${encodeURIComponent(`http://${target}/`)}` +
(ws ? "&ws=1" : "") +
(constrain ? `&constrain=${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(constrain))}` : ""),
);
test("a vat granted a host reaches it through the switchboard: fetch and WebSocket", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("egress-probe.js"), { ...at("erin"), egress: echoLabels });
assert.equal(await probe("erin", echo.host), "got: plain ok\n");
assert.equal(await probe("erin", echo.host, { ws: true }), "echo: hello\n");
});
test("same code, no grant: no egress", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("egress-probe.js"), at("frank"));
assert.equal(await probe("frank", echo.host), "no egress granted\n");
});
test("a grant is an object, not ambient: the global fetch still throws", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("try-fetch.js"), { ...at("heidi"), egress: echoLabels });
assert.match(await pub.text("/?vat=heidi"), /^fetch refused: This worker is not permitted to access the internet/);
});
test("the switchboard refuses what a grant doesn't cover", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("egress-probe.js"), { ...at("grace"), egress: { host: "127.0.0.1", port: "1" } });
assert.match(await probe("grace", echo.host), /^got: egress refused: .*egress to 127\.0\.0\.1 not granted/);
assert.match(await probe("grace", echo.host, { ws: true }), /^no websocket: 403 egress refused: .*not granted/);
});
test("a vat can narrow its grant, but not contradict it", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("egress-probe.js"), { ...at("ivan"), egress: { scheme: "http" } });
assert.equal(await probe("ivan", echo.host, { constrain: echoLabels }), "got: plain ok\n");
assert.match(
await probe("ivan", echo.host, { constrain: { scheme: "https" } }),
/^refused: label scheme is already set to a different value/,
);
});
test("a grant stored before labels, a bare host:port, still works", async () => {
await admin.create(await app("egress-probe.js"), { ...at("kim"), egress: echo.host });
assert.equal(await probe("kim", echo.host), "got: plain ok\n");
});
test("a grant survives a restart", async () => {
await server.stop();
server = await startToybox("main", port, "local");
assert.equal(await probe("erin", echo.host, { ws: true }), "echo: hello\n");
});
test("a toybox holding only the public handle can't reach localhost, whatever the grant", async () => {
const port2 = await freePort();
const other = await startToybox("public-only", port2, "public");
try {
const admin2 = makeAdmin(join(dir, "public-only", "admin.sock"));
await admin2.create(await app("egress-probe.js"), { ...at("judy"), egress: echoLabels });
const before = echo.hits();
const got = await (
await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port2}/?vat=judy&url=${encodeURIComponent(`http://${echo.host}/`)}`)
).text();
// workerd reports the public network's refusal (restrictPeers) to JS only as "internal error"
assert.match(got, /^got: egress refused: /);
assert.equal(echo.hits(), before);
} finally {
await other.stop();
}
});
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/** @file Run real workerd processes for tests. */
import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
import { rm } from "node:fs/promises";
import { connect, createServer } from "node:net";
import { join } from "node:path";
export const here = new URL("..", import.meta.url).pathname;
// the package binary, not the .bin shim: the shim forks it, so a kill would orphan workerd
const workerd = join(here, "node_modules/workerd/bin/workerd");
export const freePort = () =>
new Promise((resolve) => {
const s = createServer().listen(0, "127.0.0.1", () => {
const { port } = s.address();
s.close(() => resolve(port));
});
});
/** Resolves once something accepts connections at `opts` (a port or a socket path). */
export const accepting = (opts) =>
new Promise((resolve) => {
const s = connect(opts, () => (s.end(), resolve(true)));
s.on("error", () => resolve(false));
});
/**
* Run workerd on `config` until `stop()`; resolves once `listening` accepts.
*
* @param {string} config
* @param {string[]} args socket, directory, and external overrides
* @param {{ port: number } | { path: string }} listening
* @param {string[]} stale socket files a crash leaves behind; bind() would fail on them
*/
export const startWorkerd = async (config, args, listening, stale = []) => {
for (const f of stale) await rm(f, { force: true });
const child = spawn(workerd, ["serve", "--experimental", join(here, config), ...args], {
stdio: ["ignore", process.env.WORKERD_LOG ? "inherit" : "ignore", "pipe"],
});
let log = "";
// WORKERD_LOG=1 echoes workerd's stderr, for debugging
child.stderr.on("data", (c) => (process.env.WORKERD_LOG ? process.stderr.write(c) : (log += c)));
const exited = new Promise((resolve) => child.on("exit", resolve));
for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
// SIGKILL: a crash is the harder durability test
if (await accepting(listening)) return { stop: () => (child.kill("SIGKILL"), exited) };
await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 50));
}
child.kill("SIGKILL");
throw new Error(`workerd did not start: ${log}`);
};
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/**
* @file The runtime of an OCapN vat: SES, an OCapN peer, and the vat's own
* module (`vat.js`), which exports `buildRootObject(vatPowers, params)`.
*
* Bundled (see build.js) and loaded as the facet's main module beside the
* vat's code. The vat's designator is its id; it reaches other peers, and
* they reach it, through the vatAdmin's router (`env.router`).
*/
import "@endo/init";
import { DurableObject } from "cloudflare:workers";
import { E, Far } from "@endo/far";
import { makeClient } from "@endo/ocapn";
import { makeRpcNetLayer } from "./netlayer.js";
import * as vat from "./vat.js";
/**
* The swissnum of a vat's bootstrap: the vatAdmin starts the vat through it.
* Not exported: workerd takes every export of a main module for an entrypoint.
*/
const VAT_SWISSNUM = "vat";
export class App extends DurableObject {
#gateway;
constructor(ctx, env) {
super(ctx, env);
this.#gateway = this.#boot();
}
async #boot() {
const { vatId, router } = this.env;
let root;
const vatPowers = Object.freeze({ E, Far, storage: this.ctx.storage.kv });
const bootstrap = Far("vatBootstrap", {
/** (Re)build the root: on creation, and when the vatAdmin restarts the vat. */
start: (params) => {
root = vat.buildRootObject(vatPowers, params);
return root;
},
});
// workerd runs FinalizationRegistry callbacks outside any request, where
// sending the resulting GC message is forbidden I/O. So imports are
// never collected here; they go when their session does.
const ocapn = makeClient({
debugLabel: vatId.slice(0, 8),
swissnumTable: new Map([[VAT_SWISSNUM, bootstrap]]),
enableImportCollection: false,
});
const netlayer = await ocapn.registerNetlayer(
makeRpcNetLayer({ designator: vatId, openGateway: (designator) => router.gateway(designator) }),
);
return netlayer.gateway;
}
/** This vat's OCapN gateway, for the router. */
gateway() {
return this.#gateway;
}
}
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/**
* A counter whose count lives in the vat's storage.
*
* TODO: a durable Exo once vatPowers offers a zone, e.g.
* `zone.exoClass("Counter", undefined, () => ({ count: 0 }), { incr() { this.state.count += 1; return this.state.count; } })`
*/
export const buildRootObject = ({ Far, storage }) =>
Far("counterRoot", {
increment: () => {
const n = (storage.get("count") ?? 0) + 1;
storage.put("count", n);
return n;
},
read: () => storage.get("count") ?? 0,
});
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/** A vat that greets through the `carol` it was created with. */
export const buildRootObject = ({ E, Far }, { carol }) =>
Far("greeterRoot", {
greetVia: (name) => E(carol).greet(name),
hello: () => "hello from the vat",
});
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/** Hello, world, served through the `ingress` it was created with. */
export const buildRootObject = ({ E, Far }, { ingress }) => {
const handler = Far("helloHandler", {
handle: ({ path }) => ({
status: 200,
headers: { "content-type": "text/html; charset=utf-8" },
body: `<!doctype html><title>hello</title><h1>Hello, world</h1><p>from a toybox vat, at ${path}</p>\n`,
}),
});
E(ingress).serve(handler);
return Far("helloRoot", {});
};